2012考研英语真题答案(2012年考研英语一真题阅读理解Text)

Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

[C] an obstacle to school progress

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D]produce a long-lasting social effect

24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

[B] will mislead behavioral studies

[C] occurs without our realizing it

[D] can produce negative health habits

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

[A] harmful

[B] desirable

[C] profound

[D] questionable

2012年考研英语大小作文真题及范文

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2012年考研英语大小作文审题和参考范文

　“年年岁岁题相似，岁岁年年人不同”，这句话诠释了近13年考研英语大作文的特点。2012年1月7日下午的英语考试刚刚落下帷幕，广大考研学子还要为明天的专业课或数学考试做最后的拼搏。在经历了从08年连续三年大作文部分比较容易审题之后，今年的考生普遍感觉大小作文和往年一样难度适中，体现在大家都觉得有话可说。广大考生只要认真回忆我们启航强化和冲刺课堂上讲授的话题和背诵内容，就会发现此次大小作文命题都是属于我们课堂上多次反复分析过的图画作文主题，及有关欢迎和建议信内容模板的写法。下面来分析一下今年的大小作文，并提供范文供大家参考。

　从05年到07年，小作文已经测试过辞职信(道歉信)、请求信和建议信的写法，08年重考了偏向于与私人交流的道歉信，09年小作文接着又重考了考生对建议信的写作，2010年测试了告示的写作。而今年2012年的小作文还是照搬近几年一贯的出题方式----书信写作，并没有测试今年在广大考生中流传的摘要的写法。

　2012年的小作文要求给外国留学生来自己学校写一封欢迎信，并提出一些建议，属于欢迎信和建议信的综合写法。出题老师并没有考单一的欢迎信，而是结合大学生的实际提出一些建议，这给考生充分的自由空间，建议的具体内容要求考生自由发挥的余地较大，考生可以思考出一些具体内容。避免小作文模板化倾向。可以说到中国的一些特有的文化或习惯，让外国学生来适应。写到这些内容需要考生一个扎实的语言基本功，否则只能是望“卷”兴叹，写不出任何东西。下面是我们提供的一个参考范文。

　Directions:

　Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students' Union to

　1) extend your welcome and

　2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here。

　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

　小作文参考范文

　Dear my friends,

　I am writing this letter to welcome you to our university on behalf of our Students’ Union. I expect you to arrive here with increasing joy as well as excitement. It is of great pleasure to anticipate your coming soon.

　As foreign students, you will find everything on our campus quite different, fresh and alien. Therefore, after arriving, you can take full advantage of every opportunity to communicate with us directly to bridge the gap. To be more specific, the climate in Beijing is considerably different from your hometown, but you will soon get accustomed to living here. Finally, I hope to accompany you and introduce some special or unique campus characteristics and cultures so as to let you better be acquainted with/understand our campus life.

　We shall strive to make your stay or visit as pleasant as possible by providing the best service as well as support for you. All of our students are looking forward to your early coming eagerly.

　Yours sincerely,

　Li Ming

　二。大作文审题与范文

　正如我在启航冲刺作文课堂上多次反复强调，2012年的大作文应该往个人成长所需要的品质来思考，果然不出所料，今年又考到了我们所预测的图画作文，具体内容参见黄涛考研作文预测和冲刺讲义第34页。这是考研历第14次考图画作文了。字数要求在160--200词。图画作文往往是一张抽象而意味深长的或漫画，有时让人很难理解。

　今年的图画只有一张图，但主题明显直接。图画中间有两个人，针对一个酒瓶倒地，酒倒出来很多之后的不同反应，一个人说：全完了，暗含着他很悲观郁闷，而另一个人却想到的是：还剩一点儿，仍持乐观的态度。相比较，我们就可以看出不同人对不同事物持不同的态度。这与我今年考研英语大作文预测说会考到与个人成长所需品质有关的积极话题是一致的。

　2012年的考研大作文可以从要树立正确的态度，要持乐观的态度，或自信都可以去写，从其它方面就很难说了。接下来就要思考出所要写作的主题词汇，比如keep/be optimistic/pessimistic; optimism, attitude, 等等。这些词汇都应该在今年的大作文里出现。

　考研大作文多年来关注的是对青少年个人思想品德方面的教育，比如：01年要培养爱心；02年要把民族文化发扬光大；03年要学会自立自强；04年要与时俱进；05年要孝敬父母；06年关于偶像崇拜；07年的自信；08的合作与团结，09年人们普遍关心的网络问题。从中我们可以看得出命题专家们对教育年轻一代的良苦用心。所以我们可以概括出大作文的命题规律是有关青年人成长的问题居多，另外就是社会上的一些热点或人们普遍关心的话题。这一点对2013年考生作文备考有很大帮助。

　在写大作文时，第一段需要简短描述图画的内容。酒瓶bottles或汉语字“全完了everything is over. ”，“还剩一点儿there is still a little left。”等属于考生应该掌握的作文基础词汇，这是靠模板不能写出来的东西。 第二段需要阐释图画寓意，其实就是论证说明树立乐观态度的重要性。最后一段可以结合自己谈谈看法或体会。

　作文思路

　按照我们课堂上的写作方法，可以这样来展开描述和议论。第一段为传统的图画描述段，根据图画中的具体信息，尤其是下面的文字说明，进行直接描述。比如可以运用我们冲刺课堂上传授的精彩句型 " Whoever in front of this cartoon/drawing/picture will be greatly impressed. How thought-provoking it seems to be! 或What is vividly illustrated in the painting above is that …. (对漫画笼统地描述)。然后再补上后面的文字解释说明：“The caption(图画中的文字) informs us readers of the message that attitude makes everything. ”属经典的开头套话。在描述中，不可缺少的主题相关词包括" keep/be optimistic; optimism, attitude等与“态度；乐观；悲观”有关的词汇，这是得分的第一步。

　第二段要求展开阐释漫画背后所预示的主题，并加以论证说明。在这一段首句可以直接采用" Simply designed though this miniature seems to be, the symbolic meaning it conveys is deep and profound. It is, most likely, that the drawer intends not only to present the serious behavior to us but also to set us thinking about its real significance。在句型运用方面，可以考虑使用启航课堂上反复提到的必杀词组“The foremost and the most striking influence of it is ….，As is universally acknowledged，和What makes things even worse等。

　第三段以及第四段可以阐述自己的一些看法或想法，或对那些没有乐观的人提一些建议都行。

　Sample Writing

　As is apparently drawn in this miniature, in the middle stand two individuals, one feeling gloomy while the other optimistic. The Chinese characters above inform our readers of the message that various folks take different attitudes toward the same event. (参见黄涛冲刺班作文讲义第8页第一段首句必杀句型)How impressive this drawing seems to be in depicting one of the most prevalent themes that attitudes make everything in our life.

　After careful reflection and mediation, we examinees come to understand the enlightening drawing. I contend that this thought-provoking image conveys one profound layer of implication concerning attitude or optimism. It is universally acknowledged that life is by no means perfect and whether we feel optimistic or not depends on what attitudes we take. (参见黄涛冲刺班讲义第3页作文经典句型必备)

　When confronted with an adverse situation, some youths feel in low spirits and fall into depression. Others, on the contrary, look at the positive side of the situation and remain cheerful. As a consequence, it is our attitude rather than the situation itself that determines how we feel. (参见启航冲刺讲义第13页第30个段落正反论证法)

　In my personal sense, the message applies to our youths especially. In such a rat-race society, everyone is bound to encounter hardships and difficulties. In this sense, I should keep an optimistic attitude to pull through any hardship. Just as a famous figure puts it, it is our attitude that has changed everything in our life. (参见作文冲刺讲义第7页作文九大高分句式之引用名人名言)

　更多经典高分句型可以参考40页的黄涛作文冲刺资料，按照自己喜欢的背诵的高分句子来造就自己的高分作文。